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四级词汇练习:Is there enough oil

2006-10-31 09:36  来源:双博士丛书  【

  Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth. With the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billi

  on to 16 billion barrels.

  The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibilliondollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.

  Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.

  在北极国家野生动物保护区(ANWR)的土地下是否有足够的石油来确保美国未来的能源安全?布什总统认为肯定有。他声称北极国家野生动物保护区(ANWR)的石油将有助于缓解加州的电力危机并能减少美国对国外石油的依赖。但几乎没人知道在这块冰封的土地下究竟有多少原油。据1998年政府所做的最新查勘,那里有30亿到160亿桶原油储量。

  石油业也随声附和政府报告的乐观看法,他们认为这些石油可以供给美国六年中所需石油总量的10%。游说者们宣称,如果每天在保护区内开采一百万桶原油,美国就可减少从沙特阿拉伯进口同样数量的石油。听起来还不错吧!石油业的突然繁荣意味着数十亿美元税收和开采费用,同时阿拉斯加和联邦政府也可得到数额庞大的租金。钻井取油的倡议者认为,钻探并不会给当地生态环境造成严重的影响。来自阿拉斯加州的众议员斯科特·奥冈就说:“我们从未听说输油管能将驯鹿逐出其栖息地。”

  环保主义者却认为,事实并非如此。他们对政府的评估报告持不同意见。国家能源安全委员会认为,在国家野生动物保护区(ANWR)海岸边的平原上最多只有32亿桶经济上可开发的原油。这根本无法缓解美国所面临的能源问题。 And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output — and just 3% of the nation’s.【2005年6月】

  而且,消费者要等上十年才能用上产自那里的石油。因为,须得经过多轮有关租金的讨价还价及环境勘测和法定审查后才能钻井取油。针对北极国家野生动物保护区(ANWR)的石油能否缓解加州的能源危机这一说法,环保主义者指出,北极国家野生动物保护区(ANWR)的石油仅能为加利福尼亚州供应其所需电力的1%;就对全美国而言,这一数字也仅为3%。

  1. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR ?

  A)It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.

  B)It will help secure the future of ANWR.

  C)It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.

  D)It will increase America’s energy consumption.

  2. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry.

  A)believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

  B)tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil

  C)shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR

  D)expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia

  3. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that.

  A)it can cause serious damage to the environment

  B)it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

  C)it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

  D)it will not have much commercial value

  4. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para.3)?

  A)Oil exploitation takes a long time.

  B)The oil drilling should be delayed.

  C)Don’t be too optimistic.

  D)Don’t expect fast returns.

  5. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth.

  A)remains a controversial issue

  B)is expected to get under way soon

  C)involves a lot of technological problems

  D)will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

  secureadj. ① 无虑的,安心的 ②有把握的 ③安全的,牢固的v. ①使安全,使可靠 ②把……弄牢固,紧闭 ③获得

  【辨析】safe, secure:

  safe 安全的,多指处于安全的位置,侧重于没有危险或是危险不可及的位置;

  secure坚固的,保险的,指受到保护而没有危险。

  easen. ①安逸,舒服 ②容易v. 减轻,缓和

  【考点】with ease = easily;at ease 舒服,自由自在地;

  ease sb. of… 减轻某人……;

  ease one’ s pain 减轻痛苦

  【关联】unease n. 焦虑,不安;easy adj.容易的

  majorn. ①主修科目 ②少校adj. 较大的,较多的,较重要的vi. 主修,专攻

  【考点】major in 主修,专攻

  【派生】majority n. 多数,大多数,大部分

  beneathprep. ①在……下面 ②有失……身份adv. 在下方,在底下

  【辨析】beneath,underneath,under,below:

  beneath 意为“在……下方”时,意义上相当于under,但指两个物体(位置)相距较远;

  underneath 与under 可互换,但常强调“覆盖、隐藏、接触”的意义。

  在below、beneath、under、underneath 四个词中,beneath,underneath一般都用below、under取代;under最常用。

  projectn.①计划,方案 ②工程 ③项目vt. ①设计,规划 ②投射,放映 ③凸出,(使)伸出vi.伸出,突出

  【考点】project sth.onto sb.把……投射到(不自觉地把自己的感觉、问题等加诸他人)

  【关联】近义词:protrude

  outputn. ①产量 ②输出,输出量

  【考点】data output 数据输出

  an output device 输出装置

  【关联】put out生产(produce)→output产量(production).

  consumptionn. ①消耗量,消费量 ②消耗,消费

  【考点】for public consumption 公布于众

  reservevt. ①保留,储备 ②预定,预约n. ①储备物,储备金,储藏量 ②缄默,谨慎 ③自然保护区

  【考点】in reserve 后备的;

  without reserve 毫无保留地,毫无条件地;

  reserve for 替……保留,留作……之用

  【派生】reservation n. ①保留;疑惑 ②预定(席位、房间等)

  【词根】~=re(back)+serve(to keep)

  equivalentadj. ①相等的,相同的 ②等量的,等值的n. 相等物,等价物

  【考点】be equivalent to 等于……

  【词根】~=equi(equal)+val(worth)+ent(词尾)

  revenuen. ①岁入,税收 ②收入,收益

  【词根】~=re(back)+venue(to come)

  advocate v.拥护,提倡,主张n. ①辩护人,律师 ②支持者,拥护者

  【考点】advocate of sth.\:\:的拥护(提倡)者

  【词根】~=ad(to)+voc(to call)+ate(词尾)

  damagev. 损害,毁坏n. ①损害,毁坏 ②(pl.)损害赔偿金

  【考点】damage to sb./sth.对某人/物造成的伤害

  what’s the damage?要花多少钱?

  environmentn. ①环境,外界 ②围绕,周围

  【辨析】environment,surroundings:

  environment既可指自然环境,又可指影响人或事发展的外部因素、社会和家庭环境等;

  surroundings仅指周围事物,某地或某人周围的事物、自然环境,外延较小。

  document n. ①公文,文件 ②证件,证券vt. 用文件等证明,记载

  【考点】legal document 法律文件

  【词根】~=docu(to teach)+ment(词尾)

  chasevt. 追逐,追赶n. 追逐,追赶

  【考点】chase sb. up 催促

  chase sb. down 找寻(所需的东西),催办

  give up the chase 放弃追捕

  take up the chase 开始追捕(行动)

  give chase (开始)追赶,追捕,追踪

  estimatev.估计,估价,评价n.估计,估价,评价

  【考点】rough estimate 粗略估计

  estimate sth.(at sth.)估价,估算

  It is estimated (that)… 据估计

  benefitvt.有益于vi. 受益于n. 利益,好处,恩惠

  【考点】benefit from(by) 从……中受益

  responsible adj. ①负责的,有责任的 ②可靠的,值得依赖的 ③责任重大的,重要的

  【考点】be responsible for 对……负责;

  responsible作前置定语跟作后置定语的意义不同:

  a responsible person 意为“可信赖的人”、“可

  靠的人”

  the person responsible意为“负责人”、“主管人”

  last adj.①最后的,唯一剩下的 ②最近过去的,紧接前面的 ③临终的adv. 最后,最后一次vi.持续,维持

  【考点】have the last laugh 笑在最后,取得最终胜利

  the last moment/minute 最后一刻,紧要关头

  in the last resort 作为最后一招

  at (long) last 最终,终于

  to/till the last 直到最后一刻

  【辨析】last,take:

  last和take均表示某事持续的时间。

  last并非总需要与表示时间的词语连用,亦也表示够用,足够维持;

  take表示到某地或做某事需要的时间,必须与表示时间的词语连用。

  last,latest:

  last“最后的”,“最后一个的”,与first相对,也可作“上一次的”解;

  latest“最近的”,指时间上最近的意思,与earliest相对。

  1.【C】这是一道细节辨认题,问的是布什总统对于开采北极野生物保护区石油的看法。从文章第二句可知,布什总统对于第一句的问题回答是肯定的,他认为开采北极野生物保护区的石油能够帮助缓解加利福尼亚州的用电紧张,并且能大大促进本国的能源独立。选项C “能够帮助减少石油进口”符合题意。 A “能够消耗国家的石油储备”意思相反。选项B和D“帮助北极野生物保护区的未来”,“增加美国能源消费”均未提到。

  2.【A】这是一道细节辨认题。问的是有关第二段美国石油企业的信息,这个信息也是本段的中心内容。第二段第一句就提到这些石油企业更愿意相信160亿这个最大数,然后本段展开详细阐述,提出各种开采所能带来的好处。选项A“相信开采会带来高收益”符合题意。选项B“可能会夸大美国对外国石油的依赖”;选项C“对于开采没有兴趣”;选项D“希望停止从沙特阿拉伯进口石油”,这三项均与文章内容不符。

  3.【B】这是一道细节辨认题。问的是“那些反对在北极野生物保护区开采石油的人”的依据是什么。答案在第三段:“…would do virtually nothing to ease America’energy problems.”选项B几乎是文章原句的复制,符合题意。选项A是干扰项“会导致严重的环境破坏”,虽然这些人被称为环境保护主义者,但是文章并没有提到对环境可能造成的损害,所以排除。选项C和D也容易误选,因为它们从道理上仿佛也讲得通,但是C“会耗尽阿拉斯加地区的石油储备”原文并未提到;D“不会有多少商业价值”,原文说得是“消费者可能会等上十年才会有效益”(consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits),只是说周期长,并未明确说没有商业价值,故不予选择。

  4.【C】这是一道细节推断题。问题为“环境保护主义者所谓的‘Not so fast’是什么意思”?显然不能只孤立地看字面意思,要根据上下文来推断。上文提到开采的好处,下文提到的是反对意见,可见是在否定在北极地区开采石油的价值。选项A“石油开采需要很长时间”;B“石油开采应该推迟”;D“不要期待很快的回报”,这三项都是针对细节,倘若成立,无法直接否定开采这个提议。只有C“不要太乐观”最符合上下文。

  5.【A】这是一道主旨题。题干内容是“从文章中可以得出在北极野生物保护区开采石油”。经过对文章的整体把握,第一和第二段内容表示赞成,而第三段提出反对意见,最后并没有定论,因此选项A“仍然还是个有争议的问题”正确。B“预计很快能够开始”;C“涉及很多技术问题”;D“能够使美国石油供应独立”均不符合原文。

  Tear them apart! “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”

  These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown

  that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.

  The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”;“enemy” ; “one who opposes your interests”. Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet Tshirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”

  In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.

  The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague” ; “friend” ; “companion”. Reflect a moment ! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”

  【2005年6月】

  “撕碎他们!”“杀了那些笨蛋!”“干掉裁判!”

  这些话语在各种体育赛场上均能听到。说这些话的人,往往觉得自己很无辜。但我们不是三岁小孩,我们深知如此过激行为常会导致流血冲突。关于言辞如何影响我们的书本卷帙浩繁。业已证实,言语的某些特定含义往往会致使我们以迥异于日常行为的方式做出反应。“对手”一词便是一例,或许将该词从体育术语中删去的时刻已经到来。

  词典里关于“对手”一词的定义是:“对抗者”,“敌人”,“一个与自身利益相对立的人”。因此,当参赛者遭遇对手时,往往会把对方看成敌人。此刻,获胜已主宰了个人理智;因此,不管个人行为多么粗俗,参赛者都会认为合情合理。这让我们回想起发生在一场手球比赛场的事件:裁判拒绝一位参赛者停止比赛去换副手套的请求,因为裁判认为那副手套不够湿,不一定非得要换。此时,那位参赛者把手套在其湿淋淋的T恤衫上擦抹一番后,对裁判吼道:“这下够湿了吧?”

  在一场激烈的比赛中,时常会观察到参赛者被罚下场,他们也许未曾想过这种惩罚会对他人产生何种后果。我也曾亲睹一位参赛者蓄意以最狠的方式将球投向他的对手去伤害对方。赛场之外,他们是好朋友。这有何启示呢?可以肯定的是,这证明了球场上的行为举止与日常行为截然不同。Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.

  因此,我认为现在需要将比赛提升至一更高水平,从而给体育界树立典范。以“伙伴”取代“对手”或许就是一个好的开端。

  词典里关于“伙伴”的定义是:“同事”,“朋友”,“同伴”。显然,如此一来,你将不会把对手当作敌人来看待,赛场风气就会大为改观。

  1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?

  A)Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.

  B)The words people use can influence their behavior.

  C)Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.

  D)Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.

  2. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players.

  A)are too eager to win

  B)are usually shorttempered and easily offended

  C)cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition

  D)treat their rivals as enemies

  3. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

  A)He refused to continue the game.

  B)He angrily hit the referee with a ball.

  C)He claimed that the referee was unfair.

  D)He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his Tshirt.

  4. According to the passage, players, in a game, may.

  A)deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way

  B)keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game

  C)lie down on the ground as an act of protest

  D)kick the ball across the court with force

  5. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by.

  A)calling on players to use clean language on the court

  B)raising the referee’s sense of responsibility

  C)changing the attitude of players on the sports field

  D)regulating the relationship between players and referees

  tearn. 泪,泪水,泪珠v. 撕,扯,撕碎,撕裂,撕下,扯掉n.破洞,裂口

  【考点】in tears 流着泪,含着泪,在哭着;

  tear at 撕,扯;

  tear away (使)勉强离去;

  tear down 拆掉,拆除;

  tear into 攻击,抨击;

  tear up 撕毁

  eventn.①事件,重大事件 ②(运动会的)比赛项目

  【考点】at all events 不管怎么样,无论如何;

  in any event 不管怎样,无论如何;

  in the event 结果,到头来;

  in the event that 万一,倘若;

  in the event of 万一,倘若

  【辨析】event,accident,incident,occurrence:

  event 指重大事件,特指历史事件;

  accident “事故”,指发生的意想不到的不幸事故;

  incident 指附属的、不重要的事;

  occurrence “事件”,指偶然发生的事,尤指普通日常发生的事。

  innocentadj. ①清白的,无罪的 ②幼稚的,无知的 ③无害的,没有恶意的

  【考点】be innocent of 没有做……,无辜

  【词根】~=in(not)+noc(to harm)+ent(词尾)

  leadv. ①带路,指引,领导 ②领先,带头vi. ①通向 ②导致

  【考点】lead to 通向,导致;

  lead sb. to do 让某人做;

  lead sb. (in) doing 带领某人做

  reactvi.①反应,作出反应 ②(~against)反对, 反其道而行 ③(~with)起化学作用

  【考点】react to sth.(by doing sth.)起反应,(对……)作出反应,回应

  react against sb./sth.反对,反抗

  【词根】~=re(back)+act(to act)

  delete vt. 删除,擦掉

  【考点】delete sth.from sth.从……上删除

  【派生】deletion n. 删除

  tendvt. 照料,看管,照管,管理vi. ①倾向,向,趋于 ②易于

  【考点】tend to/towards 倾向于,趋于

  treatv. ①对待,看待,视为 ②讨论,论及 ③治疗,治病 ④处理 ⑤款待,招待,宴请n. 宴请,款待,招待

  【考点】treat of探讨

  treat sb./sth. with/as/like sth.以……态度对待,以……方式对待

  treat sth.as sth.把……看作,视为

  treat sth.with sth.处理,保护,保存

  treat sb./yourself to sth.招待,请客

  treat sb. like dirt视某人如草芥,蔑视

  a treat极为有效,棒极了

  【派生】treatable adj. 可治疗的

  treatment n.治疗;待遇;处理

  treaty n.条件,协定

  gross adj. ①总的 ②严重的,显著的 ③粗俗的,粗野的 ④臃肿的vt.获得……总收入(或毛利)

  【考点】gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值

  【辨析】gross,total:

  gross用在专用财务报表中,表明尚未扣除成本、杂费等;

  total表示无任何保留地,绝对地。

  request n. 要求,请求v. 要求,请求

  【考点】at someone’s request 应某人之要求;

  by request (of) 依照……的要求;

  in (great) request 流行,大众所需的;

  on request 应……的要求;

  request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事;

  request sth. from/of sb. 要求某人做某事

  【词根】~=re(again)+quest(to seek)

  proceed vi. ①继续前进,继续下去 ②前进

  【考点】proceed to do sth. 继续做(另一件事);

  proceed with sth. 继续进行;

  proceed against 控诉

  【词根】~=pro(before)+ceed(to go)

  rub v. ①擦,揉,磨 ②抚摩,按摩 ③摩擦

  【考点】rub out 擦掉,拭去;

  rub away 擦掉,磨去;

  rub down 按摩,用力擦遍;

  rub off 擦掉,磨去;

  rub sth. in 反复提及令人不快的事

  exclaim v.惊叫,呼喊,大声说

  【辨析】exclaim,shout,cry,scream:

  exclaim“叫喊”,是指由于惊讶、痛苦、高兴等而高声叫喊;

  shout 指表示惊奇、喜悦而发出的叫喊,也指予以警告、注意而发出的叫喊;

  cry 大多数指无意的叫声或哭声,一般用语;

  scream “尖叫”,因痛苦、恐怖突然大叫。

  courtn. ①法庭,法院 ②(网球)球场 ③庭院,院子

  【考点】basketball/tennis court 篮球场/网球场;

  court ball 宫廷舞会

  consequencen.①结果,后果 ②重要性

  【考点】in consequence 因此,结果;

  in consequence of 由于……原因

  witness n. ①目击者 ②(法律上的)证人 ③证据,证言,证明v. ①亲眼见到,目击,目睹 ②连署,作……连署人

  【考点】be(a)witness to sth.目击,看见(某事发生)

  bear/give witness (to sth.)为……作证,证明

  【关联】witness box 证人席

  illegal adj. 不合法的,非法的,违规的

  【关联】反义词:legal

  【派生】illegality n. 违法

  attituden. ①(与to,toward连用)态度,看法 ②姿势

  【考点】attitude of mind 心态问题

  with attitude 自我陶醉

  strike an attitude摆出某种姿态

  【派生】attitudinal adj.态度上的

  replacev. ①取代,代替 ②更换,替换 ③把……放回原处

  【考点】replace sb./sth.with/by sb./sth.(用……)替换,(以……)接替

  【派生】replaceable adj. 可替换的,可代替的

  replacement n.替换,更换;替代物(者)

  companion n. 同伴,同事

  【辨析】friend,acquaintance,companion:

  friend 亲密的朋友;

  acquaintance 熟人,点头之交;

  companion 既有朋友之意,也有熟人的意思。

  differencen. ①差别,冲突 ②争论,不和

  【考点】make a difference 有影响,很重要;

  make no difference 没有差别

  common adj. ①普通的,一般的 ②共同的,共用的

  【考点】in common 共同地

  【关联】复合词: commonplace adj.平凡的,陈腐的;commonsense adj. 常识上的,有常识的; commonwealth 共和国,共同体

  actionn.①行动,行动过程 ②作用,功能

  【考点】take action 采取行动

  action on 在……起作用

  【关联】近义词:activity,effect,functioning,influence

  wordn. ①字词,单词 ②话语,言词,谈话 ③消息,讯息,信息 ④诺言,保证

  【考点】in a word 简言之

  in other words 换句话说

  word for word 逐字地

  startn. ①启程,动身,开始,着手 ②开始的优先权,优先地位 ③(因吃惊、恐惧等)跳起,惊起,吃惊v. ①出发,启程,动身 ②开始,着手 ③创始,起始,创办 ④发动,引起,使产生,使开始 ⑤惊起,跳起,突然活动跳起

  【考点】start off 开始活动

  start out 开始,着手

  start up 惊起,惊跳;突然出现,崛起; 开动,发动

  to start with 首先,开始

  【关联】

  近义词:

  outset,beginning,lead,advantage,jump,depart,begin,found,originate,jump,jerk

  反义词:goal,finish

  come (came ) vi. ①来,来到 ②经过 ③达到,至 ④产生(于),来(自) ⑤变成,实现 ⑥开始 ⑦发生,出现(于),位(于)

  【考点】come about 发生,产生;

  come across 偶然遇到,碰上

  come along 出现,发生;进步,进展;

  come apart 破碎,崩溃

  come around/round ①苏醒,复原 ②顺便来访

  come at ①攻击,冲向 ②达到,了解

  come between ①分开,离间 ②妨碍(某人做某事);

  come by ①得到,获得 ②访问,看望

  come down①(物价等)下跌 ②落魄,潦倒;

  come down to 可归结为

  come in for 受到,遭到;

  come off ①脱落,分开 ②结果,表现

  come on ①(表示鼓励、催促等)快,走吧 ②进步,进展 ③发生,开始

  come out ①出现,显露 ②出版,发表 ③结果是

  come through 经历……仍活着,安然度过

  come to ①苏醒 ②总数为,结果是 ③涉及,谈判

  come up ①出现,发生 ②走上前来

  come up against 突然(或意外)碰到(困难、反对等)

  come up to 比得上,达到(标准等)

  come up with 提出,想出,提供

  1.【B】这是一道综合推断题,要求考生综合运用已知信息对作者的观点态度做出总结性的判断。问题是“下面哪一句话能最好地表达作者的态度?”作者在第一段就已经指出“It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior.”纵观全文可以看到作者一直是支持这个观点,并以体育比赛为例提出应该修改体育比赛的用词,以消除体育比赛中的暴力。因此B“人们用到的词语会影响他们的行为”符合题意。全文似乎体育比赛占了很大篇幅,但是应该看到这只是作者用来支持自己论点的一个大的例子。不是文章的最终结论。选项A“体育中的好斗行为会引发严重后果”;C“体育中令人不愉快的言辞经常被外国运动员用到”;D“裁判的不公平会导致运动场的暴力事件”。姑且不论它们是否符合原文,单就它们都只是谈到例子中的细节,就可以排除。实际上从原文可以看到选项C、D原文根本没有提及。

  2.【D】这是一道细节推理题。文章开头提到了一些常见的粗话,并指出这些讲粗话的行为是因为某些词的含义的误导。第三段以一个特殊的词“opponent”为例,分析了体育比赛中不当行为的原因是因为“opponent”一词的含义是“敌人”、“对手”,因此“当一名选手遇到他的对手,他会把他看成是敌人。”因此D项“把他们的对手当成敌人”正确。选项A“太想赢了”也是由于“敌人”一词的误导产生的想法,不是说粗话的原因。B“通常脾气不好,容易发火”跟原文内容不符。C“在激烈的竞争中无法保持礼貌”也是原文不曾提及的内容。

  3.【D】这是一道细节题,题干问“当那名手球运动员没有被允许暂停去更换手套,他是怎么做的?”答题依据为第三段末尾。选项D“他把手套在自己的T恤上蹭来蹭去”是原文的复制。A“他拒绝继续比赛”;B“他怒气冲冲地用球砸裁判”;C“他叫嚷说裁判不公平”。这三个选项都与原文不符。

  4.【A】这是一道细节题,答案可在第四段找到:在白热化的赛场上,运动员可能横冲直撞,可能有人用球去砸别的球员,只因为对方挡人犯规。选项A“故意用球去砸任何一个犯规阻挡他的队员”原文提到,可选。B“不停地在比赛中尖叫、大喊”;C“躺在地上以示抗议”;D“使劲地把球踢到球场另一头”。虽然这三个选项中的行为在生活中都很常见,但是在做阅读理解的时候不能以自己的常识或者生活经验来判断,而应该紧扣原文。

  5.【C】这是一道细节推论题。作者提议用 “associate”一词来替换 “opponent”一词,是因为前者的含义会使运动员改变他们的态度,不再把对手看成是“敌人”,而是“同事”、“朋友”。选项C“改变运动员在赛场的态度”正是表达了这个意思。A“呼吁运动员在赛场上语言文明”,语言文明只是他们改变态度后的另一个可能的结果。B“提高裁判的责任感”,未提及。D“规范选手和裁判的关系”,未提及。

  Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodgepodge of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.

  Among the report’s more outrageous findings — a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “nonpolluti

  ng” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.

  The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.

  “While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.

  The 10country study surveyed product packaging in Britain. Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.

  The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September,1999.

  “Many products had speciallydesigned labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing.” said report researcher Philip Page.

  “Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims. while paints were third on our list with 73.The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.

  The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “nonpolluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.

  【2005年6月】

  刊登在周五的《国际消费者》上的一项研究“绿色标签”的报告指称,消费者已被那些无处不在且声称环保的家用产品弄得无所适从。

  该研究报告所列的那些令人难以容忍的例子有:一家德国肥料制造商竟然宣称其产品不会伤及泥土里的蠕虫;一种面粉居然声称“无污染”;一种产自英国的厕纸则宣称其产品是“环境爱好者”。

  该研究报告由英国的全国消费者理事会应《国际消费者》之邀而研究撰写的;并由德国政府,荷兰政府及欧盟委员会资助。

  《国际消费者》的主管安娜·费尔德说:“还是有一些有益的东西,但距离让消费者准确、合理地了解他们所购物品对环境的影响还有一段长路要走。”

  产自10个国家的产品在英国接受此次调查,包括西欧、斯堪的那维亚各国和美国。调查发现,在英国和德国出售的产品所做此类声明最多。

  研究报告侧重于调查一些特定类别的产品,诸如洗涤剂、杀虫剂和一些园艺用品。但并不对这些声明进行测试,只是拿它们与ISO于1999年9月发布的标签指导手册对比。Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.

  研究人员对2000多种声称对环境“友好”的产品进行检验,结果却发现很多此类声明要么过于模糊不清,要么误导性太强;均无法达到ISO的标准。

  菲利浦·佩吉是研究报告的撰写人之一,他说:“很多产品有意设计出表明对环境无害的说明性短语,但实际上很多此类说明什么也不是。”

  他还说道:“衣服清洗剂所做此类环保声明最多,共有158宗。家用清洁剂排在第二,共有145宗。油漆名列第三,共有73宗。如此一来,消费者就得从这么多的有误导性的信息中去伪存真。”

  ISO标签标准禁止在产品包装上发布模糊或误导性的信息,因为诸如“对环境友好”,“无污染”此类声明均无法考证。佩吉说道:“现在所要做的就是让跨国公司严格遵守ISO的标准。”

  1. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that.

  A)all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards

  B)the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving

  C)consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim

  D)few products actually prove to be environment friendly

  2. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers.

  A)are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy

  B)are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling

  C)are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment

  D)still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment

  3. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to.

  A)find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards

  B)inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy

  C)examine claims made by products against ISO standards

  D)revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization

  4. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?

  A)They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.

  B)Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.

  C)They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.

  D)Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need.

  5. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to.

  A)make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements

  B)see all household products meet environmental standards

  C)warn consumers of the danger of socalled green products

  D)verify the efforts of nonpolluting products

  confuse vt. ①使混乱,混淆 ②把……混淆

  【考点】confuse sth. with sth. 把……与……混淆

  【关联】近义词:complicate,jumble,mistake,muddle

  【词根】~=con(together)+fuse(to pour)

  brandn.商标,品牌vt. ①打烙印于,铭刻 ②加污名于,谴责

  【考点】be branded on one’s memory 被铭记在某人心中

  【辨析】brand,mark:

  brand和mark都表示“商标,(商品的)牌子”,brand通常仅用于指肥皂、牙膏、黄油等小的或不贵重的事物;

  汽车、冰箱、计算机等的“商标,牌子”一般用mark。

  a wellknown brand of car

  a wellknown mark of car 名牌汽车

  fund n. ①资金,基金 ②存款,现款vt. 为……提供基金

  【考点】short of fund缺钱

  a fund of sth.丰富的……,相当数量的……

  【关联】形近词:fond adj.喜爱

  commission n. ①委员会 ②委托,委任 ③委托书,委托的事 ④佣金,手续费

  【考点】in/out of commission 可/不可使用

  on commission 按销售提成

  【派生】commissioner n.委员,专员

  package n. ①包,包裹,箱 ②一揽子交易,计划等vt.①把……打包 ②包装,把……装袋

  【关联】相关词:pack v. 包装 n. 一群

  packet n. 小包,小捆

  packing n.包装,填塞

  packed adj. 充满的,挤满的

  parcel 常指邮包,物品较大、较重

  averagen. 平均数,平均水平adj. ①平均的 ②通常的vt. 平分,均分

  【考点】on average 平均 average out (at sth.)平均数为average sth.out(at sth.)算出……的平均数

  the law of averages平均律

  focus vt. 使聚焦,集中于n. 焦点

  【考点】in(out of)focus焦点对准(没对准);

  bring into focus使特别注意(某物)

  specificadj.明确的,详尽的

  【关联】近义词:particular,peculiar

  setvt. ① 放,安置 ②树立 ③调整vi.下沉,凝结n.①一套,一副 ②机组,装置adj. 固定的,规定的,不变的

  【考点】set about 开始,着手;

  set against ①使敌视 ②使抵消;

  set apart ①使与众不同 ②留出,拨出(专用);

  set aside ①留出,拨出(时间、金钱等) ②把……置于一旁,不理会;

  set back ①推迟,延缓,阻碍 ②使花费;

  set down 写下,记下;

  set forth 阐明,陈述;

  set in 开始(并将延续下去);

  set off ①出发,起程 ②激起,引起;

  set on ①袭击 ②唆使;

  set out ①动身,起程 ②开始 ③摆放 ④阐明,陈述;

  set up ①创立,建立,为……做好准备 ②竖立,架起,建造 ③开业,开始经商

  vagueadj. 不清楚的,模糊的,含糊的,不明确的

  【考点】vague answer 含糊的答复;

  vague outline模糊的轮廓

  misleadvt. ①把……带错路 ②把……带坏,使误入歧途 ③使误解

  【考点】mislead sb. about/into doing sth.误导,引入歧途

  【派生】misleading 误导的,引入歧途的

  separateadj. ①分开的,分离的 ②个别的,单独的v.(使)分开,隔开

  【考点】separate from 从……分开,分离;

  separate…into… 分开为……,分割成……;

  live separately 分居

  【词根】~=se(apart)+par(prepare)+ate(词尾)

  term n. ①期限 ②学期 ③(pl.)(提出或同意的)条件,条款 ④(pl.)关系,友谊 ⑤术语,专门用语,行话 ⑥措辞,说法

  【考点】in the long/short/medium term长/短/中期内

  verifyvt. ①查证,核实,核对 ②证明,证实

  【派生】verifiable adj.可核实的

  verification n. 证实

  【关联】近义词:confirm

  accordvt. ①使一致 ②给予(欢迎,称颂等) ③一致,符合vi.①符合 ②一致n. 符合,一致

  【考点】in accord with 与……一致

  out of accord with 与……不一致

  of one’s own accord 出于自愿,主动地

  with one accord 一致地,一致同意的

  【词根】构词法:~=ac(to)+cord(heart)

  clear adj.①清楚的,清晰的 ②晴朗的 ③畅通无阻的v. ①清扫,清除 ②使清楚,明白 ③证明……无辜adv.清楚地,清晰地

  【考点】as clear as day 显而易见,容易理解

  as clear as mud 一点也不清楚,难懂

  in the clear 不再有危险,不再被认为有罪

  clear the air 改变困境,改善气氛

  clear the way (for sth./for sth.to happen)(为……)清除障碍,扫清道路

  clear away把……清除掉

  clear off 离开,逃跑

  clear up 放晴,转晴

  clear sth.up 解决,解答,解释

  【辨析】clear, distinct, apparent, evident, obvious:

  clear“清晰的”是相对于模糊而言;

  distinct“清楚的”指物体的各个部分都很清晰;

  apparent “明显的”侧重于表面上看;

  evident“明白的”用于被证明的各种事情;

  obvious “一目了然的”无需证明的“明白”。

  1.【B】这是一道推理题。题目问“根据文章内容,NCC觉得最不能容忍的是?”第二段提到了outrageous一词,但是本段只有具体的例子:标榜为“蚯蚓之友”的德国化肥,“无污染”的英国面粉和宣称对环境无害的英国手纸。紧接着的几段是关于本次调查的更多阐述,直到第七段才得出调查结论:“大约有2000种关于不污染环境的宣称都太含糊,太误导,根本不能达到ISO标准。”选项B“产品所宣称的内容通常不清楚或者具有欺骗性”,正是表达了这一含义。其实本题也可以采用排除法。A“所有的调查的产品都符合ISO标准”,跟原文相悖。C“消费者会相信很多厂家的说法”,原文未提及。D“很少有产品最终证明是对环境有利的”,文章最后一段说很多措辞太含糊,根本无法检验,因此错误。

  2.【D】这是一道细节辨认题。题干内容为“如文章所指出,有这么多美好的说法,消费者。”关于消费者的态度和反应,第四段借Anna Fielder之口指出 “ …there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,”即选项D“消费者仍然无法知晓不同的产品对于环境的影响有多大。”A“对于他们要购买的产品越来越小心”,原文未提及。B“仍然不愿意为标有绿色字样的产品多付钱”,未提及。C“对于不同产品对环境的影响更加有意识”,与原文意思相反。

  3.【C】这是一道细节辨认题。要求考生补充题干所缺内容“英国NCC所做调查的目的是。”文章第六段明确提出 “The report focused on claims made by specific products … It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.” 即选项C“用ISO标准来检查产品的说明”。A“找出有多少产品说明没有达到环境标准”,不符合原文。B“告知消费者他们所购买的产品所造成的环境影响”,未提及。D“修改国际标准组织的标准”,与原文相悖。

  4.【B】这是一道细节辨认题,题目问“很多家用产品的虚假说明所造成的后果是什么?”选项A“他们可能导致严重的环境问题”,原文未提及。B“消费者很难分清真伪”,正确。参见倒数第二段最后一句“The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” C“他们可能在消费者中引起广泛的愤怒”,未提及。D“消费者会被诱惑购买他们并不需要的产品”,与本文无关。

  5.【A】这是一道推论题。题目问“议会厅的国际消费者团体想要。” the lobby group Consumer International 正是这次调查的发起者。文章最后一段提到“ what we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO .”即选项A“是产品的商标符合ISO要求”。B“保证所有的家用产品都符合环境标准”,未提及。C“警告消费者所谓绿色产品的危险性”,未提及。D“核实无污染产品的真实性”,与原文相悖。

  Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.

  The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the regio

  n. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos’ natural beauty from irresponsible development. The Nature Conservancy named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.

  Operating out of a centuryold schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.

  Altemose’s family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7yearold grandson.

  “The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quite forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation efforts.”

  For more information on how you can help The Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places”, please call 1888564 6864. or visit us on the World Wide Web at www.tnc.org.【2005年6月】

  距离高楼林立的曼哈顿和费城两小时车程的地方,栖息着一些世界上最大的黑熊。这些黑熊栖息于宾夕法尼亚州北部泊科勒山区,这里也是很多其它野生动物的乐园。

  小溪、湖泊、草地、山脊还有森林使得泊科勒不仅是黑熊的理想栖息地,同时也吸引了大批游人前往。建设房屋危及这里的开放空间,而修建高速公路更是这块野生动物栖息地的莫大威胁。为保护泊科勒山的自然风光免受不负责任的开发之害,大自然保护协会将此处命名为美国的“最后胜地”。

  在宾夕法尼亚长湖的百年老校的教室里,大自然保护协会的搭档库克正与当地民众和商界领袖商讨如何协调经济增长和环境保护二者的关系。通过与弗朗西斯·艾特莫斯一样的当地民众通力合作,大自然保护协会已成功地保护了超过14,000公顷且有重要环境影响的土地。

  艾特莫斯一家几代人都在这块土地上耕作。两年前,弗朗西斯与大自然保护协会合作,并参与了包括他的农场在内的一项农田保护计划。结果皆大欢喜,弗朗西斯一家的土地可以不受当地发展的侵扰,同时他还有可靠的资金来源以便为他7岁孙子的将来作打算。Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents.

  库克促成了大自然保护协会在泊科勒地区取得成功,他代表大自然保护协会与当地民众合作以保护这块土地。

  “保护这块神奇土地的关键是与当地社区联系在一起,”库克说:“住在这块土地上的居民都很看重他们的土地。他们非常重视大片的森林,清澈的溪水以及多种多样的野生动物。他们也希望能够为保护这片土地而努力。”

  想要获知如何与大自然保护协会一起保护泊科勒地区以及世界上其它的“最后胜地”方面的信息,请拨打1-888-5646864或登录我们的网站www.tnc.org。

  1. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to .

  A)gain support from the local community

  B)protect it from irresponsible development

  C)make it a better home for black bears

  D)provide financial security for future generations

  2. We learn from the passage that.

  A)the population in the Pocono area is growing

  B)wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidly

  C)the security of the Pocono residents is being threatened

  D)farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast

  3. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?

  A)The setting up of an environmental protection website.

  B)Support from organizations like The Nature Conservancy.

  C)Cooperation with the local residents and business leaders.

  D)Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program.

  4. What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence” (Line 2, Para. 5) ?

  A)Financial contributions from local business leaders.

  B)Consideration of the interests of the local residents.

  C)The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the area.

  D)The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area.

  5. The passage most probably is .

  A)an official documentB)a news story

  C)an advertisementD)a research report

  livevi. ①居住 ②生活,生存 ③(回忆等)难忘adj.①(作定语)活的,有生命的 ②实况转播,现场直播

  【考点】live on 以……为主食;靠……生活;

  live by 靠……为生;

  live by one’s hands 自食其力;

  live through 度过,经受住;

  live up to 不辜负;

  live with 承认,接受(不愉快的)

  【辨析】live,alive:

  live用于限定用法,如 a live (living) creature;

  alive用于叙述用法,如 The fish is alive (living)。

  attractvt. ①吸引 ②引起,诱惑

  【派生】attraction n.吸引人的事物,吸引力

  attractive adj.诱人的,有吸引力的

  【词根】~=at(to)+tract(to draw)

  threatenv. ①恐吓,威胁,扬言要 ②预示,有……征兆 ③可能发生,可能来临

  【考点】threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事

  plann. ①计划,规划 ②平面图,设计图v. ①计划,打算 ②设计

  【考点】plan for 打算,计划;

  plan on (doing) sth. 打算做某事;

  plan out 做出计划;

  plan to do sth. 打算做某事

  operatevi. ①操作,开动,转动 ②施行手术,开刀vt. ①操作,开动机器 ②对……施行手术

  【派生】operator n. 操作

  operative adj. 工作的,作业的,手术的

  operator n.操作人员,(电话)接线员

  【词根】~=oper(to work)+ate(词尾)

  balancevt. ①使平衡,调整 ②对称,均衡 ③权衡,比较n. ①天平,秤 ②平衡,均衡 ③结余,结欠

  【考点】be/hang in the balance(前途)不明朗的,悬而未决的

  catch/throw sb. off balance 使某人失去平衡

  keep one’s balance 保持平衡

  on balance 总的来说

  growthn. ①增长,增加 ②增长量 ③生长,发展 ④生长物

  forgevt.①锻造,锤炼 ②伪造(货币,文件等)③高速前进

  【考点】 forge a head(with sth.)迅速向前,进步神速

  【派生】forger n. 伪造者,伪造(钞票,文件等)的人

  forgery n. 伪造,伪造罪,伪造品,赝品

  commitment n.①信奉,献身 ②承诺,许诺(后跟to)

  connectvt. 连接,把……结合起来vi. (与with连用)连接,相通

  【考点】connect\:with\: 把……与……相连

  【关联】近义词:attach,combine,join,link,unite

  【词根】~=con(together)+nect(to bind)

  respectn. ①尊敬,敬重 ②(pl.)敬意,问候vt. 尊敬,敬重

  【考点】in respect of 关于,谈到;

  without respect to 不考虑,不论;

  in some/any/no respects在有些方面/在任何方面/绝不;

  have/show respect for 尊重,考虑;

  in respect that同为,考虑到;

  pay respect to 考虑,关心;

  with respect to 关于,至于

  【词根】~=re(again)+spect(to see)

  conservationn.①保护,保存 ②守恒,不灭

  【考点】conservation plant 废料再生工厂;

  air/environmental/forest/wildlife conservation

  空气/环境/森林/野生生物资源保护;

  conservation law 守恒定律

  【派生】conservative adj. 保守的,守旧的 n.保守的人

  informationn. ①消息,情报,信息 ②通知,报告

  【辨析】information,news,notice:

  information“消息”,指某人或某团体特别感兴趣的事情,或对别人的询问所做的报告,不可数名词;

  news “新闻”,最一般的用语,也为不可数名词;

  notice“通知”,指公家的通告和告示等,或为文字,或为口头。

  1.【B】这是一道细节题,题目问“把Pocono命名为美国的‘最后一个伟大地方’是为了。”文章第二段明确指出“To protect the Pocono’ natural beauty from irresponsible development”,即选项B是原文的复制:“为了保护它免遭不负责任的开发”。A“为了得到当地社区的支持”,当地社区的支持是成立保护区后的一个举措。C“使它称为黑熊更好的家”,是干扰项,文章虽以黑熊开头,但是黑熊只是保护区内的动物之一。 D“为下一代提供经济保障”,与原文无关。

  2.【A】这是一道细节辨认题,要求考生将题干内容补充完整。题目问“我们从文章中可以得到。”我们必须将四个选项一一辨认。A“Pocono地区的人口不断增长”,从第二段第一句 “The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests … have also attracted more people to the region”可得出。B“Pocono地区的野生物正在很快灭绝”,这正是保护区所致力预防的事情,与原文相悖。C“Pocono地区居民的安全正在受到威胁”,无从谈起。D“Pocono的耕地正在迅速缩小”,未提及。

  3.【C】这是一道细节推断题。问及“Cook认为保护Poconos地区最重要的是什么?”。答题依据为倒数第二段Cook的原话 “The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community”,他的具体操作见第三段第一句 “Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse…with environmental protection.”即选项C:“跟当地居民和商业领导的合作”。A“建立一个环境保护网站”,未提及。B“有像‘自然保护协会’这样的组织的支持”,确实很重要,但是Cook未提及。D“把耕地纳入此地区保护项目”,是Cook跟当地居民合作的一部分。

  4.【D】这是一道细节辨认题。答题依据为第四段。题目问“Bud Cook说的‘having a local presence’是什么意思?”这句话出现在第五段,在此之前以一位姓Altemose的农民为例,他把自己家的田地纳入保护区项目,可得出选项D“在Pocono地区建立当地的自然保护”。A“当地商业领袖的经济贡献”,只提到跟他们合作,但是至于如何合作没有说明。B“对当地居民利益的考虑”,确实对于当地农民是有利的,但是并不能得出是特别为他们的利益考虑。C“在当地建立野生物保护基金”,未提及。

  5.【C】这是一道推理题。题目问“这篇文章可能是?”可从末段得出结论。末段不仅邀请需要更多信息的人与他们联系,还提供了联系方式,如电话号码和网址,因此可选C“广告”。

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